Critical Appraisal Check Control Studies â€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Talk About The Critical Appraisal Check Control Studies? Answer: Presentation The current paper looks to basically break down the investigation by Hassan, Bondy, Wolff, Abbruzzese, Vauthey, Pisters, Evans, Khan, Chou, Lenzi, and Li (2007). Thusly, the legitimacy and value of the discoveries will be evaluated. Since Hassan, et al (2007)s exploration was a case-control study, the device gave by the CASP (Critical Appraisal Skills Program) will be utilized (case control study) to manage the evaluation. The paper will likewise decide the degree to which there is a causal relationship between pancreatic disease which is the principle result and utilization of liquor, smoking of cigarette, pancreatic malignancy family ancestry, diabetes mellitus, and history of pancreatitis. Generally speaking, Hassan, et al (2007)s investigation is seen as of good quality since its methodological qualities outperform its shortcomings, and it has inward and outer legitimacy. CASP Tool for Case Control Study The basic examination apparatus for assessing case control contemplates is made out of three wide issues that ought to be placed into thought, legitimacy of the discoveries, what the discoveries are, and whether the discoveries will help locally (CASP, 2017). The three issues are then separated into an aggregate of 11 inquiries, which will be utilized to control assessment of the picked article. Legitimacy of the Results The creators tended to an obviously engaged issue since the goal of completing the exploration was apparent with an away from of the populace and hazard factors being researched. A case control was proper to respond to the inquiry since pancreatic malignant growth is an uncommon condition. As Song and Chung (2010) diagrams, case controls are fit well when examining uncommon results. Additionally, case control reads take into consideration more than one hazard factor to be assessed for an only one result (Song and Chung, 2010). In Hassan, et al (2007)s examination, numerous hazard factors including, overwhelming admission liquor consumption, pancreatic malignancy cigarette smoking, and pancreatitis family ancestry, and diabetes mellitus were completely analyzed for pancreatic disease. The creators utilized medical clinic based case-control. The cases were occurrence as they were chosen from patients that had as of late been determined to have pancreatic malignant growth. As CLIO (2004) plots, utilizing episode cases instead of pervasive expands certainty that exposures event were before the result illnesses beginning. Also, utilizing episode cases guaranteed no instances of over-portrayal of long term. The quantity of cases chose was fundamentally huge (808 members) and were fluctuating with age, ethnicity, sex, and social classes, guaranteeing that they were an agent of a characterized populace. The avoidance and incorporation measure was clear guaranteeing consistency in the attributes of cases. All the cases had been determined to have pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, lived in the U.S. what's more, would convey in English. Patients with different kinds of malignant growths were prohibited along with those with previous history of disease. Accordingly, the case s were chosen in an adequate way. When selecting controls, the creators were quick to stay away from inclination. Controls were looked over solid companions just as hereditarily random individuals from the patients family with other malignant growth types other than pancreatic disease. This would help limit choice predisposition by barring first degree and family members that are not related by hereditary qualities yet with pancreatic malignant growth as controls since the previous may have hereditary elements identified with the result while thelatter may have a similar way of life factors that may incline them to the illness, for example, dietary propensities. In this way, by doing so the investigation would decide the genuine connection between pancreatic malignant growth and some hazard factors, for example, family ancestry of the illness, cigarette smoking, and natural elements without the connection being changed. The controls were from numerous points of view like the cases. The creators utilized coordinating where the cases and controls were as often as possible coordinated by elements, for example, age, ethnicity, and sex. As Rose and Laan (2009) recommends, coordinating assists with expanding the productivity of the investigation by permitting comparative appropriations across bewildering factors among case and controls. Albeit a few researchers, for example, Pearce (2016) contend that coordinating doesn't dispense with jumbling however rather may present it by the coordinating components, it is increasingly doable that coordinated examining results to adjusting controls and cases over the picked coordinating variable levels, in this manner lessening difference and improving measurable effectiveness (Rose and Laan, 2009). All things considered, Hassan, et al (2007) improved the productivity of their investigation through coordinating. A studys legitimacy is additionally controlled by the pace of non-reaction. As indicated by Groves (2006) high non-reaction can prompt non-reaction predisposition. In Hassan, et al (2007)s investigation, the non-reaction rate was 19.4% with the explanations behind inability to take an interest shifting. Be that as it may, the creators defended that factual examination indicated that there was no huge contrasts among missed and chose patients dependent on sex, race/ethnicity, age, residency state, and instructive level. Accordingly, the investigation was liberated from non-reaction inclination. The nature of case control contemplates is contributed by the quantity of cases and controls chose. In the current examination under evaluation, the creators enrolled a similar number of cases and controls. Choosing equivalent number expands the effectiveness of an investigation as BMJ (n.d.) states. Nonetheless, the cases contained more established people and had lower level of training contra sted with controls, a perspective that may have meddled with the examination results. Ascertainment of presentation may likewise affect on the legitimacy and unwavering quality of an examination. Much the same as most case-control examines, Hassan, et al (2017)s examination set up presentation from individual review by methods for self directed poll and organized meetings. As BMJ (n.d.) states, the legitimacy of data from individual review rely altogether upon the topic. Subsequently, it might have been hard for certain members to recollect their past propensities, diminishing the unwavering quality of the discoveries. For example, one of the hazard factors looked to be researched by Hassan, et al (2007) was dietary propensities. Review inclination may have come about since it might be risky for people to recall their past nourishing propensities. Furthermore, almost certainly, cases may recall past exposures than controls since they may have calculated the likely reasons for their conditions. As Carlson and Morrison (2009) states, inclination may result if controls a nd cases review contrastingly past encounters. Bewildering components may influence the discoveries of an examination as they may contort the genuine relationship between factors. They may dishonestly exhibit an apparent or veil a relationship between a hazard factor and a result when there is no presence of any relationship (Skelly, Dettroli, Brodt, 2012). Hassan, et al (2007) tended to different bewildering, for example, presentation to tobacco, utilization of liquor, and ceaseless ailments. Other significant puzzling components represented by the creators are hereditary and way of life contemplations where they rejected first degree family members and life partners separately. These components may build the danger of creating pancreatic malignant growth. In this way, by the creators selecting controls that were viewed as liberated from presentation to them they diminished the impact of perplexing on the investigation. What the Results Are Hassan, et al (2007)s discoveries uncovered that diabetes mellitus, substantial utilization of liquor, history of pancreatitis, pancreatic malignancy family ancestry, and cigarette smoking were noteworthy pancreatic disease hazard factors. The examination additionally uncovered synergistic connections between family pancreatic disease family ancestry, cigarette smoking, and type 2 diabetes in ladies. The outcomes were balanced for bewildering and the affiliations were in all likelihood irrelevantly influenced by these elements. The exactness of an exploration finding is a significant determinant of the nature of the investigation. Exactness can be shown by test size and studys effectiveness (Carlson and Morrison, 2009). By and large, Hassan, et al (2007)s investigation gave exact outcomes since they included adjusted gatherings of non-uncovered, uncovered, without result, and with result. Also, the balanced chances proportion had tight certainty stretches, showing high exactness in assessing the affiliations. Regardless of whether the Results Will Help Locally Hassan, et al (2007) consolidated a noteworthy number of members in their examination. Also, members were made out of individuals from various geographic zones, ages, and ethnic gatherings, making it agent. In this manner, the outcomes can be summed up to an increasingly all inclusive populace. In this way, the examination has outer legitimacy End The examination by Hassan, et al (2017) can be regarded of acceptable quality dependent on the current evaluation. Despite the fact that it was found to have a few shortcomings, for example, review inclination, its accuracy and inward and outer legitimacy were not traded off. The creators tended to the majority of the issues that may bring down the nature of the examination, for example, frustrating elements, choice of cases and controls, tended to a plainly engaged inquiry, and picked controls adequately. Thusly, the examination can be applied to everyone and can be utilized to help proof based medicinal services combined with different confirmations from other exploration considers. References BMJ. (n.d.). part 8: case-control and cross sectional investigations. The BMJ. Recovered from https://www.bmj.com/about-bmj/assets perusers/distributions/the study of disease transmission unenlightened/8-case-control-and-cross-sectional Carlson, M.D.A., Morrison, R.S. (2009). Study structure, accuracy, and legitimacy in observational investigations. Diary of Palliative Medicine. 12(1), 77-82. CLIO. (2004). Occurrence versus Pervasive cases. CLIO Learning Modules. Recovered from https://cliomods.stanford.e

Why SAT SuperScoring means you should retake the SAT.

Why SAT SuperScoring implies you should retake the SAT. SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips In this article, PrepScholar fellow benefactor and insights master Dr. Fred Zhang clarifies why the SAT superscoring implies you can get colossal focuses by retaking the SAT. A significant number of you realize that universities frequently take the best SAT score in each area, however do you realize the amount you can pick up by only a re-take? Do you realize how to do your retake to max your score? Numerous understudies think about the Superscore idea in the SAT: the way that numerous universities just gander at the best score in each area in admissions.For model, assume you take the SAT twice with the accompanying results: Test Date Math Score Understanding Score Composing Score All out Walk 620 600 760 1980 October 740 720 610 2070 SuperScore 740 720 760 2220 Despite the fact that you just expanded your meeting SAT score from a 1980 to a 2070, and improvement of 90 focuses, your SuperScore expanded by 240. I will disclose to you why this is unimaginably critical to your test taking methodology! More Times Matters Since you are getting the limit of your SAT score over numerous meetings, at that point plainly the more regularly you take it, the higher your most extreme score will be. Suppose you were running a 100-meter run, yet just your best time made a difference doesn't it bode well to run it more than once. Variety Matters At the point when you retake the test, other than attempting to progress nicely, you additionally need to attempt to build the arbitrariness of your score what analysts callvariance. The more shifted your score is, the more probable your superscore is higher. This is very unpretentious, so I'll rehash it. Regardless of whether your score remains the equivalent, you need to build variety. For instance, assume your last SAT Math score was 600, which one of the beneath techniques would you take: An) A system that gives you a half possibility of getting a 590 and a half possibility of 610. B) A system that gives you a half possibility of a 500 and a half possibility of a 700. Pause for a minute to consider this. Done? On the off chance that you picked B, you're right! With the superscore, you care about just the upside, not the drawback. The half possibility of a 700 methods considerably more than the half possibility of a 610. What amount would you be able to pick up? School Board has discharged intensive information about understudy score enhancements between various tests. The key information: College Board shows that re-stepping through the exam brings about a variety of about 50.86 focuses in each area that is a gigantic measure of regular variety! It likewise implies that heading out of this variety alone, I utilized Monte-Carlo reproduction to demonstrate that on the off chance that you go from taking the SAT once to taking it twice, your superscore will go up in anticipation by 78! Supercharge the Superscore Alright, so's marvelous, however would you be able to enhance that more? Truly! PrepScholar's preparation incorporates SAT test accepting procedure as a significant part of the prep procedure. Utilizing our methodologies, we'll tell you the best way to build the variety so your normal point increment is considerably higher, up to 100 focuses in addition to! What's more, this depends on unadulterated variety we additionally train you so your crude expected score goes up also. With the two segments consolidated, you can accomplish many purposes of progress. In any case, the base story despite everything holds: variety implies you should take the SAT on various occasions on the off chance that you get the opportunity, and you should expand your test variety.

Querer Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples

Querer Conjugation in Spanish, Translation, Examples The Spanish action word querer is a typical action word that way to need, to wish, to adore or to like, and its conjugation is profoundly unpredictable. The two its stem and endings frequently withdraw from the standard in flighty manners. This article incorporates querer conjugations in the present, past, contingent and future characteristic, the present and past subjunctive, the objective, and other action word structures. There are just three action words that are conjugated similarly as querer, and each of the three are gotten from it: bienquerer (to like or be attached to), desquerer (to stop needing or cherishing) and malquerer (to detest). None of them are especially normal. Utilizing the Verb Querer The action word querer can be meant English in a few distinct manners. The most widely recognized significance is to need or to wish, as in El niã ±o quiere muchos regalos para su cumpleaã ±os (The kid needs a ton of presents for his birthday), or Ella quiere que todos los niã ±os sean felices (She wants for all youngsters to be glad). At the point when utilized with individuals (or pets), the action word querer can likewise mean to cherish. In spite of the fact that the action word amar intends to adore, it is regularly utilized in progressively significant or sentimental connections. You can utilize the action word querer as in Quiero mucho a mi mejor amigo (I truly love my closest companion) or La niã ±a quiere a sus maestros (The young lady cherishes her educators). In the last model, querer has an undertone of to acknowledge more than to cherish. Additionally, notice that when utilized along these lines with individuals or pets, the individual an is constantly utilized before the immediate item. Querer Present Indicative In the current characteristic tense, the action word querer is stem-evolving. This implies the e in the stem of the action word changes to ie when part of a focused on syllable. Yo quiero I need Yo quiero viajar an Espaã ±a. Tã º quieres You need Tã º quieres un carro nuevo. Usted/Ã ©l/ella quiere You/he/she needs Ella quiere a sus amigos. Nosotros queremos We need Nosotros queremos tener paz en el mundo. Vosotros querã ©is You need Vosotros querã ©is aprender italiano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas quieren You/they need Ellos quieren mucho a sus mascotas. Querer Preterite Indicative In the preterite tense, querer is sporadic, since the stem changes to quis-. The preterite is utilized to discuss finished activities previously. When utilizing the action word querer in the preterite, it has the importance of something that somebody needed yet didn't acquire. For instance, Quise ir a la holiday implies I needed to go to the gathering yet I wound up not having the option to go. Yo quise I needed Yo quiseviajar an Espaã ±a. Tã º quisiste You needed Tã º quisisteun carro nuevo. Usted/Ã ©l/ella quiso You/he/she needed Ella quisoa sus amigos. Nosotros quisimos We needed Nosotros quisimos tenerpaz en el mundo. Vosotros quisisteis You needed Vosotros quisisteisaprender italiano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas quisieron You/they needed Ellos quisieron mucho a sus mascotas. Querer Imperfect Indicative The defective tense conjugation of querer is standard. You start with the stem quer-and include the flawed closure for - er action words (Ã ­a, Ã ­as, Ã ­a, Ã ­amos, Ã ­ais, Ã ­an). In the defective tense the action word querer typically implies needed, however can likewise be deciphered as was needing or used to need. The blemished is utilized to discuss progressing activities previously. With the action word querer it implies that somebody needed something, yet we dont know whether they got it or not. Yo querã ­a I used to need Yo querã ­aviajar an Espaã ±a. Tã º querã ­as You used to need Tã º querã ­as un carro nuevo. Usted/Ã ©l/ella querã ­a You/he/she used to need Ella querã ­a a sus amigos. Nosotros querã ­amos We used to need Nosotros querã ­amos tener paz en el mundo. Vosotros querã ­ais You used to need Vosotros querã ­ais aprender italiano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas querã ­an You/they used to need Ellos querã ­an a sus mascotas. Querer Future Indicative To conjugate the future tense you start with the infinitive (querer) and include the future tense endings (Ã ©, s, , emos, is, n). Be that as it may, the action word querer is unpredictable on the grounds that there is an additional r in the stem, so it winds up being querr-. Yo querrã © I will need Yo querrã © viajar an Espaã ±a. Tã º querrs Youwill need Tã º querrs un carro nuevo. Usted/Ã ©l/ella querr You/he/shewill need Ella querra sus amigos. Nosotros querremos Wewill need Nosotros querremostener paz en el mundo. Vosotros querrã ©is Youwill need Vosotros querrã ©is aprender italiano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas querrn You/theywill need Ellos querrn a sus mascotas. Querer PeriphrasticFuture Indicative The periphrastic future is framed with the current characteristic conjugation of the action word ir (to go), the relational word an, and the infinitive querer. Yo voy a querer I am going to need Yo voy a querer viajar an Espaã ±a. Tã º vasa querer You aregoing to need Tã º vasa querer un carro nuevo. Usted/Ã ©l/ella vaa querer You/he/shegoing to need Ella vaa querer a sus amigos. Nosotros vamosa querer We aregoing to need Nosotros vamos a querer tener paz en el mundo. Vosotros vaisa querer You aregoing to need Vosotros vaisa querer aprender italiano. Ustedes/ellos/ellas vana querer You/they aregoing to need Ellos vana querer mucho a sus mascotas. Querer Present Progressive/Gerund Form The gerundâ or present participle for the action word querer is framed normally, by beginning with stem of the action word quer-and the closure the consummation - iendo (for - er and - ir action words). The current participle can be utilized to shape dynamic tenses like the current dynamic, which typically requires the assistant action word estar. In any case, it is uncommon to utilize the action word querer in dynamic tenses, since to need as of now infers a continuous activity. Along these lines, it sounds repetitive to state est queriendo (is needing) and it is less difficult to state quiere (needs). The structure queriendo is all the more ordinarily utilized as a verb modifier, as in Queriendo ayudar, hicimos un gran esfuerzo (Wanting to help, we put forth an extraordinary attempt). Present Progressive ofQuerer est queriendo She is needing Ella est queriendo a sus amigos. Querer Past Participle The past participle is shaped with the stem quer-in addition to the completion - ido. It very well may be utilized to shape immaculate tenses, for example, the current great. The current immaculate is shaped with the helper action word haber and the past participle querido. Present Perfect ofQuerer ha querido She has needed Ella ha querido a sus amigos. Querer Conditional Indicative The contingent tense is generally meant English as would action word. Like the future tense, it is conjugated by beginning with the infinitive structure. Nonetheless, much the same as later on tense, the action word querer is sporadic on the grounds that it has an additional r, so it utilizes the stem querr-. Yo querrã ­a I would need Yo querrã ­a viajar an Espaã ±a si no me diera miedo viajar en aviã ³n. Tã º querrã ­as Youwould need Tã º querrã ­as un carro nuevo, pero estn muy caros. Usted/Ã ©l/ella querrã ­a You/he/shewould need Ella querrã ­a a sus amigos si fueran ms amables. Nosotros querrã ­amos Wewould need Nosotros querrã ­amostener paz en el mundo, pero sabemos que es muy difã ­cil. Vosotros querrã ­ais Youwould need Vosotros querrã ­ais aprender italiano, pero preferisteis aprender francã ©s. Ustedes/ellos/ellas querrã ­an You/theywould need Ellos querrã ­an mucho a sus mascotas si se portaran mejor. Querer Present Subjunctive The current subjunctive is utilized for emotional circumstances like wants, questions and proposals. It is framed beginning with the main individual particular present characteristic conjugation (yo). It is additionally stem-changing (e to ie) when the e falls on the focused on syllable. Que yo quiera That I need El agente de viajes espera que yo quiera viajar an Espaã ±a. Que tã º quieras That you need El vendedor espera que tã º quieras un carro nuevo. Que usted/Ã ©l/ella quiera That you/he/she need Mam espera que ella quiera a sus amigos. Que nosotros queramos That we need Los diplomticos esperan que nosotros queramos tener paz en el mundo. Que vosotros queris That you need El maestro espera que vosotros queris aprender italiano. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas quieran That you/they need Pap espera que ellos quieran mucho a sus mascotas. Querer Imperfect Subjunctive There are two choices for conjugating the flawed subjunctive. Choice 1 Que yo quisiera That I needed La agente de viajes esperaba que yo quisiera viajar an Espaã ±a. Que tã º quisieras That you needed El vendedor esperaba que tã º quisieras un carro nuevo. Que usted/Ã ©l/ella quisiera That you/he/she needed Mam esperaba que ella quisiera a sus amigos. Que nosotros quisiã ©ramos That we needed Los diplomticos esperaban que nosotros quisiã ©ramos tener paz en el mundo. Que vosotros quisierais That you needed El maestro esperaba que vosotros quisierais aprender italiano. Que ustedes/ellos/ellas quisieran That you/they needed Pap esperaba que ellos quisieran mucho a sus mascotas. Choice 2 Que yo quisiese That I needed La agente de viajes esperaba que yo quisiese viajar an Espaã ±a. Que tã º quisieses That you needed El vendedor esperaba que tã º quisieses un carro nuevo. Que ust

Depiction of Marriage in Lady Windemeres Fan - Literature Essay Samples

â€Å"It’s a curious thing, Duchess, about the game of marriage – a game, by the way, that is going out of fashion – the wives hold all the honours, and invariably lose the odd trick†.The play ‘Lady Windermere’s Fan’ by Oscar Wilde presents a window into the minds and manners of the upper-class Victorian society of London. He satirizes the hypocrisy which underlies the day-to-day behaviour of the so-called aristocrats, and wittily mocks at their shallow morals and beliefs, especially those pertaining to marriage. In Victorian society, women were treated as the ‘weaker vessel’ that had to be cared and provided for by men, first her father and then her husband. However, Wilde shows us how different characters hold different views towards marriage. The men treat it like a game and talk about it in a trivial manner. For example, in the above dialogue by Lord Darlington in the first Act, Darlington calls marriage a game, and lat er on refers to the ‘modern husband’ as the ‘odd trick’ which the wives lose though they hold ‘all the honours’. His comment is mirrored by Cecil Graham’s dialogue in the next act: â€Å"By the way Tuppy, which is it? Have you been twice married and once divorced, or twice divorced and once married? I say you’ve been twice divorced and once married. It seems so much more probable†. The fact that neither Lord Augustus nor Tuppy can remember the facts shows how inconsequential he considers marriage and divorce to be. Wilde provides us an insight into all aspects of marriage. The first step is the courting period or the period of young love. Lady Agatha Carlisle has reached marriageable age and her mother the Duchess of Berwick is highly intent on making a good match for her. She wishes to ensnare Mr. Hopper, the son of a rich Australian business entrepreneur, and someone whom she describes as a person whom â€Å"people are t aking such notice of just at present†. This shows that for the Duchess of Berwick, Mr. Hopper’s social fame and status is just as important if not more as his financial position. She says, â€Å"I think he’s attracted by dear Agatha’s clever talk†. The readers, however, know that Agatha is a shy, docile, obedient and soft-spoken girl, and says little else apart from, â€Å"Yes, mamma†. In Act II, the duchess tries to pass off Agatha as a lucrative wife by exaggerating about her capabilities and trying to make her look clever, â€Å"Mind you take great care of my little chatterbox, Mr. Hopper† and â€Å"Agatha has found it on the map†. She manipulates circumstances in order to allow the young man to propose, â€Å"You have kept those five dances for him, Agatha?† and â€Å"The last two dances you might pass on the terrace with Mr. Hopper†. By the end of the same act she accomplishes her mission, and now starts schem ing in order to prevent the couple from moving to Australia, â€Å"I think on the whole that Grosvenor Square would be a healthier place to reside. There are lots of vulgar people live in Grosvenor Square, but at any rate there are no horrid kangaroos crawling about†, though previously she had pretended to be fascinated by the place: â€Å"It must be so pretty with all the dear little kangaroos flying about†. She mentions her success to Lady Windermere: â€Å"Love – well not love at first sight, but love at the end of the season, which is so much more satisfactory†. The next stage in marriage is the marriage of early years, like that of Margaret Windermere and Arthur Windermere. They have been happily married for two years, have produced an heir and keep no secrets from each other. Their love is so strong and potent that Lady Windermere finds it hard to believe that her husband could ever be unfaithful to her, when the Duchess of Berwick informs her as â €˜a well-wisher’ about her husband’s supposed affair with the notorious Mrs. Erlynne, â€Å"Duchess, Duchess it is impossible! We are only married two years. Our child is but six months old†. Their marriage is unusual in an era when most men and women married for better economic or social prospects than any real love. However, by the end of the play their marriage has changed. They are now keeping secrets from each other in order to stabilise their relationship. An example of marriage in later years is that of the Duchess of Berwick. She has no illusions in life and knows perfectly well that her husband is a Don Juan: â€Å"Before the year was out, he running after all kinds of petticoats, every colour, every shape, every material†. She does not take his aberrations seriously because he believes this to be normal for men. She answers Lady Windermere’s query as to whether all men are bad: â€Å"Oh, all of them, my dear, all of them, without any exception†. Thus the readers learn that in Victorian society, a man had a legal wife who managed his household and produced legal heirs, and also a so-called woman friend. But this is not unexpected, and the husband always returns to his wife, â€Å"slightly damaged, of course†. Wives in turn nag and chivvy them from time to time, â€Å"just to remind them that we have a perfectly legal right to do so†. The last type of marriage is that of a marriage of bondage, like that of Mrs. Erlynne. Mrs. Erlynne is an infamous woman with not one past, but â€Å"at least a dozen, and that they are all fit†. She is seductive and blatantly flirts with all men in order to show her superiority to them. Very little is told about Mrs. Erlynne’s past. The audience only knows that Mrs. Erlynne is a divorced woman who twenty years ago eloped with her lover, leaving her infant daughter and husband. We don’t know how she survived for all these years but it is proba ble that she used men like Lord Augustus to provide money for her. But Wilde bows to Victorian morality and prudery, and keeps this aspect of her life veiled. Lord Windermere calls Mrs. Erlynne â€Å"a divorced woman, going about under an assumed name, a bad woman preying upon life†. In reality, Mrs. Erlynne is an independent and wilful woman who, finding herself trapped in a loveless shell of a marriage, revolted as any man would do – she had an affair. The only difference was that she was not a man and her act only earns her ignominy and disrepute in the British society. Here Wilde criticises the rigid laws of Victorian morality which allows men to have affairs, but not women. A fact which is revealed by the duchess of Berwick in the first Act, â€Å"Oh, men don’t matter. With women it is different†. We can see that while Lady Windermere objects to Mrs. Erlynne’s presence in her ball and though she states, â€Å"I will have no one in my house ab out whom there is any scandal†, she willingly invites the proclaimed dandy Lord Darlington and the divorced man Lord Augustus. Thus, despite her many ideals Lady Windermere too does not hesitate in differentiating between men and women. At the end of the play, Mrs. Erlynne resolves to marry again in order to regain her position in society. However, she intends to marry Lord Augustus, a submissive man whom she can dominate and thus control her marriage, as she wants to. She says, â€Å"I’ll make him an admirable wife, as wives go†.Lady Plymdale highlights the scepticism of society towards happy married couples when she says, â€Å"It’s most dangerous nowadays for a husband to pay any attention to his wife in public. It always makes people think that he beats her when they are alone. The world has grown so suspicious of anything that looks like a happy married life†. Marriages are not supposed to be happy and based on love, but hypocrisy. Her own husb and has lately become attentive and this irks her. She asks Dumby to take her husband to Mrs. Erlynne’s place for lunch, as she wants him to be enraptured by her charms, dance attendance on her, and not bother his wife. She says, â€Å"I assure you, women of that kind are most useful. They form the basis of other people’s marriages†. So, in Lady Plymdale’s experience all marriages have a third party along with them. Lord Darlington says in the third act, â€Å"Awfully commercial, women nowadays. Our grandmothers threw their caps over the mills, of course, but, by Jove, their granddaughters only throw their caps over mills that can raise the wind for them†. This shows that most women in Victorian society only married for money and better economic prospects. In Act II, the Duchess of Berwick tells Agatha, â€Å"No nice girl should ever waltz with such particularly younger sons! It looks so fast!† While it is true that waltz was considered â₠¬Ëœfast’ in Victorian society, the Duchess wouldn’t mind if her daughter waltzed with elder sons who stand to inherit their father’s fortune. Even men are not exempt from such behaviour. Lord Augustus is anxious to know that whether Mrs. Erlynne â€Å"will ever get back into this demmed thing called Society?† He is worried because he wants to marry her and she has no relations. He says, â€Å"Demmed nuisance, relations! But they make one so demmed respectable†. When he is told that she has received a card to the ball held in the respectable house of the Windermeres’, his heart is put to rest, and he immediately starts proposing to her. Mrs. Erlynne too wants Lord Windermere to give her some money which she would pretend was left to her by a third cousin or a second husband, in order to have an additional attraction. Society’s restriction on the movement of women is shown in this theme, as when Lady Windermere is afraid to leave her fa iled marriage because of society’s censure and the world’s tongue. She says, â€Å"I am afraid of being myself† probably because before this she never had the opportunity of making her own decision. It was either her father or her aunt Lady Julia or her husband who has made all the decisions in her life, and she meekly obeyed them. The end reference to red and white roses symbolise the passion of Mrs. Erlynne and the childlike innocence of Lady Windermere – virtues of the good woman and ideal wife.‘Lady Windemere’s Fan’ provides a window into Victorian society and Wilde skillfully satirizes its shallow hypocrisy and outdated views on marriage.

Eroticism and Mortality in Shakespeares Sonnet 73 Essay

Eroticism and Mortality in Shakespeares Sonnet #73 William Shakespeares sonnet cycle is famous with its rich metaphorical style. The depth of each sonnet comes from its multilayered meanings and images, which are reinforced by its structure, sound, and rhythm. Sonnet #73 provides an excellent example. This sonnet shows the speakers agony over human mortality and, moreover, his/her way of coping with it in an effective way. The speaker, especially in terms of his cognizance of time, experiences dramatic changes in two ways: (1) from time measured by quantity to time as quality, (2) from cyclical time to a linear one. These changes, manifested by a set of images (autumn, twilight, glowing), enable him/her to embrace†¦show more content†¦The second quatrain also gives a description of quantitative time as saying: the twilight ... Which by and by black night doth take away(5-7). The twilight, an arbitrary name of a particular moment or light among a full range of a day and a full spectrum of light, can be taken away littl e by little (Italic mine). Both quatrains share a basic assumption that time is something that one is losing throughout his/her life. Still, however, the second quatrain distinguishes itself from the first one in that it doesnt have such violent images as the first one. At least, death wouldnt come in a sadistic way as in the first quatrain but come as it seals up all in rest(8).1 On the other hand, in the last quatrain, time is not something measurable but a qualitative entity. Here, time turns to a glowing fire that burns through his/her lifetime. Since it is a continual process, death becomes a part of ones life. Ones youth nourishes the fire until it expires in his/her death-bed and until the ashes of his youth itself chokes the last ember (10-12). Furthermore, the diction of this quatrain supports this positive attitude of the speakers. For instance, the speaker does not say that the fire must be extinguished but must expire(11). This usage of an intransitive verb makes death felt not as an imposed or a forced result but as a part of lifes own cycle. His/her saying Consumed also gives a more

The Impact of Computer Games in the UK Essay - 1561 Words

High technology has conquered our world and it cannot not to have any impact on people who use it. Children are those who may suffer most because they are â€Å"screen addicted† from a very early age. According to Thomas (2011) an average modern child spends four hours thirty minutes in front of the TV or computer each day which includes one hour fifty minutes online and two hours forty minutes watching television. However, Trybus (2014) claims that gaming technology may help significantly in the education area. This essay concentrates on such part of modern technology as computer games. It will focus on the most popular games analysis at the beginning, then look at their effects and finally cover useful application of computer games.†¦show more content†¦As a consequence, the child becomes inattentive with a small period of concentration. Collins (2011) also cites a piece of research conducted by Japanese scientist that shows that computer games use only vision and m ovement, leaving other areas of the brain such as behaviour, emotions and learning undeveloped. With respect to behaviour of violent games players, Etchells (2013) quotes a study published in Journal of Experimental Social Psychology that explains an experiment, which examines an effect of violent computer games on people’s behaviour. During the 3 days of the experiment, half of volunteers played aggressive games for twenty minutes a day, while the other half did not. Then organizers set a competition between pairs that consist of one who played games and one who did not and the winner blasted the loser with ugly noise. In the results, it turned out that violent games players blasted their opponent for longer what was counted as more aggressive behaviour. 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Looked After Children free essay sample

This essay will examine the past and present social policy regarding looked after children in the UK, dating back to the late 1970’s. It will examine how the policy has evolved over the last thirty years, and whether political and economical influences have impacted on its development. This essay will also seek to explore what impact the policies regarding looked after children have on the members of society it is aimed at assisting. The definition of a ‘looked after child’ is an individual, up to the age of 18 who has been placed in the care of the local authority, whether this is placed with foster carers, either short or long term or a residential unit. Also, children who are subject to either a Full Care Order, or an Interim Care Order granted by the courts. It is also an appropriate term for a child who is still in the care of his or her own family, but is still subject to one of the above court orders. We will write a custom essay sample on Looked After Children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Statistical data is collected annually by the Department for Children, Schools and Families, from Children’s Services across the country. On 31st March 2009, there were 60,900 looked after children in the UK. In order to examine the current social policies in place with regard to looked after children, and how those policies have developed, it is relevant to briefly comment on the situation and condition historically, for children who found themselves in the need of substitute care. In the post war years, new legislation was passed in the Children Act 1948 â€Å"with the aim of strengthening the legal and procedural framework surrounding the needs of children placed in substitute care† (Cocker, 2008, p4). This was deemed necessary following the instances of neglect and abuse suffered by children evacuated during World War Two, and the case of Dennis O’Neil, a 12 year old boy, whose abuse and subsequent death at the hands of his foster carers in January 1945 caused a public outcry. In the immediate aftermath of this event, a government inquiry was held and a committee (The Curtis Committee) â€Å"was set up to look at services for children at risk† (Glennerster, 2007, p64). The outcome of the final report (The Curtis Report 1946) had a direct influence on the legislations laid out in the Children Act 1948. One of the most positive outcomes was that the government had been forced to examine the services in place, or lack of them, which were available for children. Led by recommendations from the Curtis Report, the Home Office set up a eparate department in every local council in the country specifically for children. This would include specially trained children’s social workers, thus creating a new social work profession. The modern day Children’s Services was born. During this time, and for many years after, children were a marginalised group, often powerless to express their own fears or views. Children’s ‘rights’ were not recognised by society, and reports of physical or sexual abuse at the hands of those who were supposed to be caring for them were too often ignored. Societal attitudes towards children in this period were ambivalent and dismissive† (Stein, 1983). Looked after children â€Å"were often from poor families and were seen by some as orphan’s or criminals† (Cocker, 2008, p5). In order to improve the provision and welfare of looked after children, further parliamentary acts over the course of 40 years were introduced, including the Children and Young Person Act 1963, The Children Act 1989, and the more recent Children Act 2004. During this period, different models of care provisions emerged and evolved from one decade to another. With the introduction of large charitable organisations such as Dr Barnado’s and National Children’s Homes and Orphanages in the early part of the century, set up as a preferable option for children from the archaic workhouse, a large number of children found themselves growing up in residential care. This appeared to be a ‘trend’ up until the late 1970’s to early 1980’s. Although there were also large numbers of Local Authority provided residential children’s homes, the local councils also provided funds to the charities, who’s services they needed in order to house the large number of children who were ‘wards of the courts’ or ‘in care’. Although, at this time, the current government policy had an emphasis on foster or adoption, recognising that the best option for children was to grow up within a family environment. However, without the necessary training, and assessment of the viability of prospective foster carers, placements often broke down, resulting in children moving to lots of different placements before finally ‘ending up in residential care. At this time, children had relatively no say in arrangements for their care or future, and often little or no contact with their birth family. During the 1980’s and to the mid 1990’s, the provision for looked after children underwent a massive overhaul. After the abuse and deaths of another three children in the early 80‘s, a number of parliamentary reports led to the development of The Children Act 1989. This act â€Å"marked a watershed in legislation on children† and â€Å"tried to balance two sets of contradictory pressures; greater child protection with greater parental rights† (Glennerster, 2007). Also, an alarming number of reports into institutional abuse of children in care in the1990‘s came to light, and following a frenzied media coverage, and yet another public outcry, the government commissioned Sir William Utting, Chief Inspector of the Social Services Inspectorate to conduct an independent review in to the provision of residential care (Utting 1991). Some of the recommendations made following this review were to pave the way for children, for the first time, to have a say in the decisions made about their own lives, and better training and qualifications for social workers. Also, there was to be far more inspections and assessments of children’s homes and the staff working in them. â€Å"It was felt that there had been widespread failure in the management of services and protection for looked after children† (Cocker 2008). A further National review, People like us: The report of the review of the safeguards for children living away from home (Utting 1997), also lead by Sir William Utting, was commissioned to examine the current provision for safeguarding children. The outcome of this report was to have a direct impact on future policies for looked after children, and was the incentive for the government initiative, Working together (1999) which laid emphasis on the importance of safeguarding children. Due to the level of abuse, both physical and sexual, suffered by children in residential establishments, there was a marked decline in the number of children who were placed there. Attention was then turned again, to fostering and adoption, with more efforts being made into the recruitment, training, and inspection of foster carers. There was also a realisation into the importance of long term and consistent care for children, which led to the development of an emphasis on adoption, especially for very young children. The government also developed the Looked after children materials, a number of Green Papers designed to â€Å"improve the outcomes for children in need† (Cocker, 2008, p7). In 1998, the government launched Quality Protects, a five year programme designed to support local authorities. It gave councils targets to meet, and be accountable for, as wells as providing ? 375 million. Further funding was also offered to support councils in developing their fostering provisions, with an emphasis on training. In 2007, the government published the Green Paper, Care Matters: Time for Change (DfES, 2007). This focused on all aspects of looked after children’s needs, including their emotional, as well as physical needs. It also placed further emphasis on care planning, and the quality of social work practice. It is also worth mentioning the Every Child Matters Green Paper, developed in 2003, alongside and in response to Lord Laming’s report (DoH 2003) on the death of Victoria Climbie, an eight year old girl who suffered torture and death at the hands of her great-aunt. â€Å"The government’s aim is for every child, whatever their background or their circumstances, to have the support they need to: be healthy, stay safe, enjoy and achieve, make positive contribution, achieve economic well-being† (DfES 2003). This paper served as a monument to a changed societal view of children. It also led to the revised Children Act 2004, which called for joint working with regard to all services for children, and for local authorities to appoint a Director of Children’s Services. There was also a shift in the policy towards children remaining within their biological family, including the extended family, and an emphasis on preventing children from being removed from their parents care, in the form of family support services. Within the Green Paper, Care Matters, the fairly revolutionary idea of ‘corporate parenting’ came into being. Corporate parenting is a term used to refer to the collective responsibility local councils have, to provide quality care and achieve good outcomes for looked after children† (Cocker, 2008, p8). However impressive this concept maybe, it has proved to be complex due to the sheer volume of people involved in the care of a looked after child. Initiatives have also been developed to help prevent the looked after child from feeling ‘singled out’ or different, as this was a problem that had been identified through discussions with looked after children themselves. These initiatives include an emphasis on children eing able to engage in more social and extracurricular activities, including hobbies and sporting activities. In addition, further policies have been developed within the legal framework for looked after children involving the specialist care needed for children with a disability, as well as additional support and therapeutic services for abuse and trumatised children. Many of the social policies in the UK have been developed and evolved in relation to the economical and political climate of particular periods in time, for example, changes in government, neo-liberalism, and Thatcherism. The policies for looked after children in effect in Britain today have been brought about by numerous serious case reviews, and the tragic cases of a number of children who have suffered abuse and have died at the hands of those charged with their care. The most influential aspect of these policy developments have been public pressure and a realization of the vulnerability of some of society’s children, very often with cross party support for each new initiative. This is highlighted in the recent case of ‘baby P’, yet another child who suffered a violent death at the hands of his primary carers. Following a serious case review, the government instigated an inquiry, led again by Lord Laming, which, amongst other recommendations, called for more spending on social work training, the development of a ‘social work task force’, and spot inspections of child protection social work teams. The fact that the whole country was on the brink of a global financial crisis, appeared to have no effect on the recommendations for safeguarding children. The case of ‘baby P’ has also directly impacted on the services for looked after children, in that there has been a significant rise the number of cases going forward into legal proceedings. It is fair to say that huge improvements have been made over the past years. The policies in place today, offer a comprehensive range of services for looked after children and are designed to promote their welfare and well being. However, the situation is still far from ideal. All too often, children are moved from one foster placement to another, with numerous changes in social workers, and important decisions with regard to the social care system as a whole, appear to be made by individuals with little or no contact with front line social work practice. The Laming Report in relation to ‘baby P’ will undoubtedly lead to future policy changes, in an ever evolving social policy issue. Looked after children free essay sample A looked after child is a child/young person for who the Local Authority has taken responsibility for placing in some form of accommodation. The Local Authority subsequently has a statutory duty to monitor the young person and support them in this accommodation. Describe the type of health social provision available to look after and support children young people not living at home Children’s services support and protect vulnerable children, young people, their families and carers. Use the Directgov website to find your local council and get advice about an assessment. The needs assessment will determine if you need more specialised support. The types of services that can be provided You can visit the Directgov website for more detailed information about adoption, fostering and children in care. Youll also find information about child benefit if your child is in care. The Family Rights Group offers independent specialist information and advice to families about children who are looked after in care. We will write a custom essay sample on Looked after children or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page For more information, read the Family Rights Groups advice sheets about children in care. Looked-after children Children’s services are also responsible for foster care and residential care for children who cannot live with their parents, family or friends, whether this is short or long term. The Family Rights Group offers independent specialist information and advice to families about children who are looked after in care. For more information, read the Family Rights Groups advice sheets about children in care. http://www. nhs. uk/NHSEngland/AboutNHSservices/social-care-services/Pages/children-services. aspx Policies Acts that helps children in care and their families The Children? s Act 2004 helps the child or young person and their family whilst in care and aims to improve and integrate children? s services, promote early intervention, safeguard and promote children? s well-being, provide strong leadership and bring together different professionals in multi-disciplinary teams in order to achieve positive outcomes for children and young people and their families. Local authorities are given a lead role in securing the co-operation of partners in setting up children? s trust arrangements and the Act allows some flexibility in how these are structured and organised. 4. 2 The Act takes a child-centred approach and includes